Abstract

SPAD array sensors support higher-throughput fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) by transitioning from laser-scanning to wide-field geometries. While a SPAD camera in epi-fluorescence geometry enables wide-field FLIM of fluorescently labeled samples, label-free imaging of single-cell autofluorescence is not feasible in an epi-fluorescence geometry because background fluorescence from out-of-focus culture medium masks cell autofluorescence and biases lifetime measurements. Here, we address this problem in a proof-of-concept implementation by integrating the SPAD camera in a light-sheet illumination geometry to achieve optical sectioning and limit out-of-focus contributions, enabling label-free wide-field FLIM of single-cell NAD(P)H autofluorescence.

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