Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a light-emitting diode- (LED-) based illumination system that can be used as an alternative light source forin vitrophotodynamic therapy (PDT). This illumination system includes a red LED array composed of 70 LEDs centered at 643 nm, an air-cooling unit, and a specific-designed case. The irradiance as a function of the irradiation distance between the LED array and the sample, the homogeneity and stability of irradiation, and the effect of long-time irradiation on culture medium temperature were characterized. Furthermore, the survival rate of the CNE1 cells that sensitized with 5-aminolevulinic acid after PDT treatment was evaluated to demonstrate the efficiency of the new LED-based illumination system. The obtained results show that the LED-based illumination system is a promising light source forin vitroPDT that performed in standard multiwell plate.
Highlights
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, minimally invasive therapeutic procedure that can selectively destroy the tumor tissue with photosensitizers activated by specificwavelength light in the presence of oxygen [1, 2]
It is widely known that the irradiated light is one of the primary components of PDT, and the choice of light sources is crucial for PDT studies [5]
The irradiation devices based on the conventional lamps may lead to significant thermal effect, which should be avoided during PDT treatments [5, 6]
Summary
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, minimally invasive therapeutic procedure that can selectively destroy the tumor tissue with photosensitizers activated by specificwavelength light in the presence of oxygen [1, 2]. It is widely known that the irradiated light is one of the primary components of PDT, and the choice of light sources is crucial for PDT studies [5]. As for the PDT treatments, a stable, wavelength-specific, homogeneous, and large-area illumination is badly needed. A wide range of laser and nonlaser light sources have been used for PDT [5,6,7,8,9]. Laser light sources are very expensive, and a tailored optical system is required to expand the beam for the irradiation of large area. The nonlaser light sources such as the conventional lamps (e.g., conventional tungsten filament and xenon arc lamps) can be used in conjunction with the optical filters to output specific wavelength for treatment of larger area [2, 6]. The irradiation devices based on the conventional lamps may lead to significant thermal effect, which should be avoided during PDT treatments [5, 6]
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