Light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits

Laura Zoratti,Ana Luengo Escobar,Laura Jaakola,Katja Karppinen,Hely Hã¤Ggman

doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00534

Abstract

Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. The absolute dependency of light to the plant development has driven evolvement of sophisticated mechanisms to sense and transduce multiple aspects of the light signal. Light effects can be categorized in photoperiod (duration), intensity (quantity), direction and quality (wavelength) including UV-light. Recently, new information has been achieved on the regulation of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits, in which flavonoids have a major contribution on quality. This review focuses on the effects of the different light conditions on the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruit producing plants. An overview of the currently known mechanisms of the light-controlled flavonoid accumulation is provided. R2R3 MYB transcription factors are known to regulate by differential expression the biosynthesis of distinct flavonoids in response to specific light wavelengths. Despite recent advances, many gaps remain to be understood in the mechanisms of the transduction pathway of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis. A better knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms is likely to be useful for breeding programs aiming to modify fruit flavonoid pattern.

Highlights

Phenolic compounds constitute one of the most important groups of the bioactive compounds in food plants
We focus on the role of light in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits
The studies demonstrate that grape berries adapt to high light by elevating the expression of an array of both early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes in berry skin which leads in the increased content of anthocyanins, PAs as well as flavonols (Jeong et al, 2004; Cortell and Kennedy, 2006; Fujita et al, 2006; Pereira et al, 2006; Matus et al, 2009; Azuma et al, 2012; Koyama et al, 2012)

Summary

Introduction

Phenolic compounds constitute one of the most important groups of the bioactive compounds in food plants. The studies demonstrate that grape berries adapt to high light by elevating the expression of an array of both early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes in berry skin which leads in the increased content of anthocyanins, PAs as well as flavonols (Jeong et al, 2004; Cortell and Kennedy, 2006; Fujita et al, 2006; Pereira et al, 2006; Matus et al, 2009; Azuma et al, 2012; Koyama et al, 2012).

Results

Conclusion