Abstract
The protection of smart meters (SMs) from cyberattacks is of utmost importance because SMs in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) are physically unprotected and produce a large amount of sensitive data. Due to scalability, the SMs are small-sized and low-cost devices having low computational capabilities. The algorithms that are designed to complete the security requirements of SMs should be lightweight. To address this issue, this paper proposes a lightweight security solution to address the man-in-the-middle attack, data tempering, and blockchain-based data provenance. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is used to generate link fingerprints, which are used along with pseudo-random nonce to secure AMI. The proposed algorithm detects the involvement of adversarial node or meter tempering by computing other values along with 0 and 1 as the average of consecutive RSSI and difference between the RSSI of connected static SMs. Pearson correlation coefficient ( $\rho $ ) of 0.9102 is achieved when no adversarial node is present in between the connected SMs having mobility in one or both SMs. Negative or approximately equal to zero values of $\rho $ are computed when the adversary is present in the AMI or any of the SM in the AMI is forged. For blockchain-based data provenance, all the hash values of the packet header are 100% matched with the hash functions present at the data concentrator unit (DCU), which shows no adversary’s involvement in AMI. For cases when the adversary is in the AMI, hash functions show no match with the hash values present at the DCU.
Highlights
Electricity theft is a problem that every Electricity Service Provider (ESP) faces around the globe
The smart grid is an application of Internet of Things (IoT) which is introduced in countries like USA, Japan and China to help the authorities in overcoming theft related issues
Our proposed protocol defines that if ρ is below the threshold we look for other values to decide whether or not any adversary is present in the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
Summary
Electricity theft is a problem that every Electricity Service Provider (ESP) faces around the globe. It costs around 6 billion USD to ESP per year in USA [1]. The smart grid is an application of IoT which is introduced in countries like USA, Japan and China to help the authorities in overcoming theft related issues. The traditional power grids are upgraded with the capabilities of communication and information systems as their main functions. These functions are important in analyzing, monitoring and controlling devices in the system.
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