Abstract

Light trapping by arbitrarily thin cavities

Highlights

  • Light trapping, namely, capturing the incoming photons and confining them into a volume, is a fundamental operation behind numerous photonic applications from sensing, and detection to optical tagging and photoelectrochemistry [1]

  • Absorption of electromagnetic waves across the visible, infrared, or ultraviolet part of the frequency spectrum is the backbone effect behind several applications dealing with light

  • The true challenge is to make that light trapping occur within an ultrathin cavity for design, packing, and integration purposes

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Light trapping capturing the incoming photons and confining them into a volume, is a fundamental operation behind numerous photonic applications from sensing, and detection to optical tagging and photoelectrochemistry [1]. Conventional limits [16] for the performance of photovoltaic cells are reported to be surpassed when optical modes exhibit deep-subwavelength-scale field confinement [17] or by designing an elevated local density of optical states for the absorber [18] This vast applicability potential of light-trapping and absorption phenomena has inevitably ignited (and fed by) significant funding initiatives. The proposed designs possess a series of advantages since they are simultaneously (i) thickness indifferent, even ultrathin, (ii) highly absorbing, (iii) feasible to fabricate, and (iv) robust to engineering imperfections They can constitute indispensable pieces of integrated systems related to light trapping like solar panels, optical sensors, and photonic modulators [34]

Boundary value problem
Perfect trapping conditions
Optimized absorbing designs
Robustness to fabrication defects
CONCLUSION
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