Abstract
Objective: Development of a methodology for measuring the deuterium content in water for pharmaceutical purposes by laser light scattering based on ideas about the cluster structure of water.
 Methods: Samples of industrially manufactured drinking water from different manufacturers with varying deuterium content from 10 ppm to 115 ppm. For the titration of laboratory samples of deuterium depleted water in increments of 5 ppm the following reagents were used: Water, deuterium-depleted (≤1 ppm (D2O, Aldrich, USA); Deuterium oxide/Heavy water/Water-d2 (99.9 atom % D, Aldrich, USA); water Milli-Q (specific resistance 18.2 µS·sm at 25 оС, ТОС ≤ 5 ppb, Merck Millipore). The determination of deuterium content in samples of industrially manufactured water and water obtained in a laboratory manner was carried out by the method of low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) at the Mastersizer (Malvern Instruments) analyzer and using a working measuring tool–laser dispersion meter/MDL («Cluster-1», Russia/Ukraine). The statistical methods–packages OriginPro®9.
 Results: It was found that the content of isotopologies in water leads to physicochemical water’s properties changes and morphology changes of giant heterogeneous clusters (GHC). The results of low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) in the water samples under investigation showed the dependence of the water GHC "dispersibility" expressed in the differentiation of curves of the volume size distribution ("size spectra"), the volume concentration, w%, the laser obscuration values (I ‒I0) as the function of the water isotopic composition variations. The laser diffraction method results correlate with two-dimensional (2D) multi-descriptor mathematical analysis.
 Conclusion: When identifying deuterium depleted water, it should be considered not only the indicators that determine its pharmacopoeial quality, but also the D/H ratio, because even small changes in the natural isotopic composition of water lead to significant biological effects. Our proposed approach using laser diffraction in combination with mathematical apparatus of (2D) multi-descriptor laser scattering analysis makes possible the exact calculation of individual signs of deuterium depleted water as the pharmaceutical object of study.
Highlights
IntroductionWater quality control for pharmaceutical applications, according to the Pharmacopoeia requirements, includes routine tests of impurity content: nitrates, aluminum, heavy metals, control of bacterial endotoxins, number of viable aerobic microorganisms (Total Viable Aerobic Count), total organic carbon (total Organic Carbon in Water for Pharmaceutical Use) and specific electrical conductivity (not exceeding 4.3 μS·sm−1) at 20 °C [1]
Water quality control for pharmaceutical applications, according to the Pharmacopoeia requirements, includes routine tests of impurity content: nitrates, aluminum, heavy metals, control of bacterial endotoxins, number of viable aerobic microorganisms (Total Viable Aerobic Count), total organic carbon and specific electrical conductivity at 20 °C [1]
Since drinking water and water for pharmaceutical recognition are subject to mandatory conditioning procedure for correcting the acidity of water and enriching it with salts, we found it interesting to measure the calibration diagrams of deuterium depleted water samples saturated with sodium salts
Summary
Water quality control for pharmaceutical applications, according to the Pharmacopoeia requirements, includes routine tests of impurity content: nitrates, aluminum, heavy metals, control of bacterial endotoxins, number of viable aerobic microorganisms (Total Viable Aerobic Count), total organic carbon (total Organic Carbon in Water for Pharmaceutical Use) and specific electrical conductivity (not exceeding 4.3 μS·sm−1) at 20 °C [1]. The physical and chemical properties of the samples of such water are not considered, and the subsequent induction biological effects are not recorded It exacerbates the problem of objective ddw quality control in accordance with the basic principles of the pharmaceutical analysis, it requires a full description of the physical and chemical properties of ddw. The latter condition is necessary for the standardization and development of routine ddw control procedures and for understanding the mechanisms of its biological action. Concentration of deuterium in the body water correlates well with the deuterium level in the environment [9]
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