Abstract
The capacity of optical fiber communications has grown exponentially since its implementation decades ago. Optical fiber amplifiers, wavelength division multiplexing, and coherent communications have all enabled discontinuous growth. Space division multiplexing is proposed as the next discontinuity. Here tens of modes rather than a single mode are utilized in the transmission. Random scattering due to index fluctuations within the optical fiber cause coupling among the modal channels thereby degrading signal transmission. Principal mode transmission overcomes this limitation. Here a set of modes arrive localized at the fiber output unscattered. We review this methodology as it relates to optical communication capacity, but also as it relates to light localization. We also review the characterization of these modes both theoretically and experimentally.
Highlights
Light localization is an active subject of research and encompasses many aspects
Information transfer in optical fibers is a major focus of optical communications
Principal mode propagation within optical fibers has been proposed as a means to dramatically increase the information capacity transfer in optical communication systems and networks
Summary
Light localization is an active subject of research and encompasses many aspects. See for example Ghulinyan and Pavasi [1]. In addition to all these fundamental subjects of research, principal mode propagation of light in multimode optical fibers can be considered. In this medium light localization occurs not necessarily in space but temporally as well as with regard to the transfer of information. Principal mode propagation in optical fiber is a localization of a group of guided modes at the output of a multimode fiber in both the frequency and time domains. Light can be optically processed to localize in time at the output of multimode fibers These modes are characterized as principal modes. These states can remain stable within only seconds for certain deployment conditions but remain stable over weeks in other conditions [19]
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