Abstract
To promote Agaricus sinodeliciosus var. Chaidam ZJU-TP-08 growth and metabolites accumulation, a novel integrated strategy was developed by adopting high levels of metal ions coupled with light treatment. The results revealed that yellow and blue light could significantly promote biomass and exopolysaccharides production, respectively. Furthermore, the yellow–blue light shift strategy could stimulate exopolysaccharides formation. Ca2+ ions coupled with blue light mostly promoted exopolysaccharides production related to oxidative stress, which was 42.00% and 58.26% higher than that of Ca2+ ions coupled with the non-light and dark cultivation without Ca2+ ions in 5-L bioreactor. RNA-seq was performed to uncover the underlined molecular mechanism regulated by light-induced gene expressions in exopolysaccharides biosynthesis and oxidative stress. The findings of this work provide valuable insights into adopting metal ions coupled with the light-assisted method for the macrofungus submerged fermentation for exopolysaccharides production.
Highlights
Macrofungi growth and secondary metabolites production are affected by many factors, including temperature, pH, and growth media [1]
In order to detect whether the underground mushroom A. sinodeliciosus ZJU-TP-08 is sensitive to light irradiation and metal ions, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with varying light wavelengths, including red, blue, yellow, purple, green, and white light, were used in the mushroom liquid fermentation
2 g/L CaCl2 coupled with blue light fermentation significantly improved EPS production, which was 42% higher than 2 g/L CaCl2 plus the darkness culture and 58.26% higher than non-metal ion combined darkness fermentation, respectively
Summary
Macrofungi growth and secondary metabolites production are affected by many factors, including temperature, pH, and growth media [1]. Some metal ions are essential to many physiological processes, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ [2,3], which could affect fungal morphology and cell metabolism. EPS production was a protective response to stress to survive and grow in the metal-contaminated environment [5]. Upon Pantoea agglomerans, Ca2+ stress caused a decrease in total protein content and an increase in total carbohydrate with a boost in EPS formation [5]. Was associated with Cd(II) resistance [7] These polysaccharides are believed to produce biofilms and protect bacterial cells from desiccation, metallic trace elements, or other environmental stresses, including host immune responses, enhancing the chances of colonizing a special ecological niche [8]. Metal ions could potentially act as stressful culture conditions to induce enhanced production of EPS
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