Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments with antioxidant effects that exist in various fruits and vegetables. The accumulation of anthocyanins is induced by environmental signals and regulated by transcription factors in plants. Numerous evidence has indicated that among the environmental factors, light is one of the most signal regulatory factors involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. However, the signal transduction of light and molecular regulation of anthocyanin synthesis remains to be explored. Here, we focus on the research progress of signal transduction factors for positive and negative regulation in light-dependent and light-independent anthocyanin biosynthesis. In particular, we will discuss light-induced regulatory pathways and related specific regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. In addition, an integrated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis controlled by transcription factors is discussed based on the significant progress.
Highlights
To provide a detailed overview of the known molecular regulatory mechanisms of light-dependent and -independent anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants and provide a theoretical foundation for the application of colored photo-selective nets in the breeding of crops, fruits, and ornamental plant species, this review focuses on known physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in the light regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and their role in abiotic stress tolerance
Much is known about the regulatory pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis, the functions of protein factors involved in anthocyanin accumulation in plants continue to be explored
The signal factors related to abiotic stress such as low temperature, drought, and salinity-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be identified
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Anthocyanins are universal water-soluble flavonoid pigments that are responsible for the widest color of leaves, petals, fruits, seeds, stems, and tubers of plants (Liu et al., 2021) [6]. They have been shown to play a beneficial role in the visual activity, cancer, heart disease, and age-related neurodegenerative disorders [7], no effects or even a negative effect on health-related parameters have been reported [6,8]. The pathway of light induces signal factors to activate the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to produce anthocyanins for stress tolerance is concluded. To provide a detailed overview of the known molecular regulatory mechanisms of light-dependent and -independent anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants and provide a theoretical foundation for the application of colored photo-selective nets in the breeding of crops, fruits, and ornamental plant species, this review focuses on known physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in the light regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and their role in abiotic stress tolerance
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