Abstract
longa L. produces rhizomes traditionally sold on the international market as Turmeric. It is a shrub from Asia, extensively cultivated in India, China, Japan and Indonesia. In Brazil, it is known as Curcuma or Acafrao and mainly used for food. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plant growth, depending on the incidence of light on an experimental cultivation in the region of Lower Amazon River, city of Santarem, based on the analysis of the essential oils from leaves and rhizomes. The plants obtained in treatment T1 (growing 50% shading), after completing the growth cycle, have showed better quality of rhizomes than in the treatment T2 (full sun cultivation). The results are reflected in the productivity of plants of the T1 treatment (fresh rhizomes = 14.86 ± 0:20 tonnes/ha), which was higher than T2 treatment (fresh rhizomes = 3.97 ± 1.5 tonns/ha). The yield of oil was 200% higher in young leaves (3.19%) than in mature leaves (1.71%). In the rhizomes, the oil yield was greater in the treatment at full sunlight (T2, 3.00%) than in treatment with shading 50% (T1, 1.90%). The main constituents of the oil from young and mature leaves were the monoterpenes, α-phellandrene (33.6% and 26.2%), terpinolene (22.0% and 18.3%), 1,8-cineole (16.0% and 15.8%), p-cymene (3.8% and 9.8%), and β-pinene (4.9% and 7.2%). In the oils of rhizomes were the sesquiterpene ketones, turmerone (T1, 37.5%; T2, 38.5%), curlone (T1, 17.4%; T2, 30.4%), and ar-turmerone (T1, 9.3%; T2, 8.8%).
Highlights
Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) produces rhizomes traditionally sold on the international market as "Turmeric"
It's grown in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and São Paulo, with an average production 8 -12 tons of rhizomes per hectare and about 3.5% curcumin content (OLIVEIRA, GHIRALDINI and SACRAMENTO, 1992)
To evaluate the influence of solar radiation on the productivity of rhizomes, based on the variation of the contents and composition of the essential oil of the leaves and rhizomes, the cultivation was done in two treatments with three replicates for each selected condition, which were: T1 and T2
Summary
Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) produces rhizomes traditionally sold on the international market as "Turmeric". (Zingiberaceae) produces rhizomes traditionally sold on the international market as "Turmeric". It is an evergreen shrub, native to South and Southeast Asia, which is extensively cultivated in India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Burma, Indonesia, beyond the African continent ( SCARTEZZINI and SPERONI, 2000). The use of Turmeric in foods such as dried soups, sauces, meat products and baking and desserts, among others, comes from the flavoring substances and responsible for its characteristic odor, in addition to its use as a dye (MAGDA, 1994; MARTINS and RUSIG, 1992; OLIVEIRA, GHIRALDINI and SACRAMENTO, 1992). The volatiles of rhizomes and leaves are responsible for various biological activities found in the plant (ALMEIDA, 2006)
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