Abstract
We study the photodisintegration process triggered by the nonthermal electromagnetic Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in the critical collapse model. The presence of a low-mass tail of critical collapse mass function could enhance energetic photon emissions from Hawking radiation of PBHs. Nuclear photodisintegration rates are calculated with a non-thermal photon spectrum derivedby solving the Boltzmann equation iteratively. Withthenewest observational limitonthe3Heabundancein GalacticHII regions, the updated 3He constraints on PBH mass spectrum in the horizon mass range 1012–1013gare derived. Our results showthat3He constraints on the critical mass function are about one order of magnitude severer than the monochromatic one, although the fraction of PBHs in the low-mass tail region is relatively small.
Highlights
Primordial black holes (PBHs) may be formed from density fluctuations in the very early Universe and have been studied over more than 50 years [1, 2]
We show in this paper that the small amounts of PBHs within the low-mass tail in the mass function of the critical collapse model would affect the elemental abundances
This work studies the nuclear photodisintegration reactions triggered by nonthermal electromagnetic Hawking radiation from PBHs in the critical collapse model, with the initial horizon masses of 1012 − 1013 g
Summary
Primordial black holes (PBHs) may be formed from density fluctuations in the very early Universe and have been studied over more than 50 years [1, 2]. Even for PBHs forming at a single epoch, they would have an extended mass distribution when critical phenomena of gravitational collapse are taken into account [5]. It is well known that PBH formation is associated with the critical phenomena of gravitational collapse, and the early studies showed that the PBH mass at the formation epoch has a universal scaling property [6]. Considering PBHs with an extended mass function, the total Hawking emission should be contributed by all individual mass scales. Rate of photons for PBHs with the horizon mass 1013 g for monochromatic (blue) and critical collapse mass functions (red) at the formation epoch, in which we set the total number density of PBHs with these two types of mass functions to be equal. Secondary nonthermal reactions occur if products of the primary photodisintegration reactions are energetic enough
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