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Abstract
The chloroplast is one of the most important organelles found exclusively in plant and algal cells. Previous reports indicated that the chloroplast is involved in plant embryogenesis, but the role of the organelle during embryo morphogenesis and maturation is still a controversial question demanding further research. In the present study, siliques of Arabidopsis at the early globular stage were enwrapped using tinfoil, and light deprivation-induced inhibition of the chloroplast biogenesis were validated by stereomicroscope, laser scanning confocal microscope and transmission electron microscope. Besides, the effects of inhibited chloroplast differentiation on embryogenesis, especially on the reserve deposition were analyzed using periodic acid-Schiff reaction, Nile red labeling, and Coomassie brilliant blue staining. Our results indicated that tinfoil enwrapping strongly inhibited the formation of chloroplasts, which did not arrest embryo morphogenesis, but markedly influenced embryo maturation, mainly through reducing the accumulation of storage reserves, especially starch grains and oil. Our data provide a new insight into the roles of the chloroplast during embryogenesis.
Highlights
Plastids are among the most important organelles found exclusively in plant and algal cells
Plastids in Arabidopsis embryos undergo two opposite processes that is chloroplast formation beginning at the late globular embryo stage and chloroplast dedifferentiation occurring when mature embryos begin to dehydrate (Allorent et al, 2013)
Proplastids develop into etioplasts, instead of chloroplasts, as a consequence of inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis (Solymosi and Schoefs, 2010)
Summary
Plastids are among the most important organelles found exclusively in plant and algal cells. Their functions are crucial to photosynthesis, as well as fatty acid and amino acid synthesis. They are considered to be involved in numerous aspects of plant growth and development (Inaba and Ito-Inaba, 2010; Puthur et al, 2013). It has long been recognized that the embryos of some angiosperm taxa contain chloroplasts, which are referred to as chloroembryos (Puthur et al, 2013), in which the chloroplast shows specific patterns beginning from the later globular stage
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