Light Cluster Production in Central Symmetric Heavy-Ion Reactions from Fermi to Gev Energies

Rémi Bougault,Emmanuel Vient,Olivier Lopez,Quentin Fable,Nicolas Le Neindre,Marian Pârlog,Tom Genard,Marco La Commara,Ivano Lombardo,Diégo Gruyer,Emmanuelle Galichet,Abdelouahad Chbihi,Bernard Borderie,Mariano Vigilante,Giuseppe Verde,John David Frankland,Maxime Henri,Piotr Pawłowski

doi:10.3390/sym13081406

Abstract

Correlations and clustering are of great importance in the study of the Nuclear Equation of State. Information on these items/aspects can be obtained using heavy-ion reactions which are described by dynamical theories. We propose a dataset that will be useful for improving the description of light cluster production in transport model approaches. The dataset combines published and new data and is presented in a form that allows direct comparison of the experiment with theoretical predictions. The dataset is ranging in bombarding energy from 32 to 1930 A MeV. In constructing this dataset, we put in evidence the existence of a change in the light cluster production mechanism that corresponds to a peak in deuteron production.

Highlights

Knowledge of the mechanism of fragment and light cluster formation in heavy-ion collisions allows us to trace the fundamental properties of nuclear matter [1]
The 4π multi-detector INDRA [4] was used to study four nuclear reactions with beams of 58 Ni accelerated by the GANIL cyclotrons (Caen) to 32, 52, 64 and 74 MeV/nucleon and a thin (179 μg/cm2 ) target of nat Ni and two reactions with beams of 197 Au accelerated by the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS at GSI (Darmstadt) to 40 and 60 MeV/nucleon and a
Higher beam energy experiments were performed during these experimental campaigns, but they were excluded from the present analysis because of the limited stopping power of the experimental INDRA apparatus to high energetic light-charged particles produced in the forward direction

Summary

Introduction

Knowledge of the mechanism of fragment and light cluster formation in heavy-ion collisions allows us to trace the fundamental properties of nuclear matter [1]. The emission of several fragments from a hot nucleus, the multifragmentation process, has been observed, and the fragment characteristics are well described by statistical concepts. In multifragmentation models, the description of the total observed production rates of light particles does not reach, by far, the accuracy obtained for the heavier fragments. In heavy-ion transport models, two main actors are at work: the onebody approach (mean field) and the few-body correlation in a medium (clustering). The formation of clusters and fragments is determined by the proper treatment of correlations and the proper introduction and propagation of fluctuations in dynamical models. It turns out that a problem exists concerning light cluster description in many transport approaches

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion