Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, mainly because of the widespread consumption of tobacco and related products. Early detection is very important in the management of oral cancer. However, when the lesion is detected in the oral cavity, it is at a much advanced stage for effective management, resulting in morbidity and mortality. A majority of deaths related to cancer are due in part to late diagnosis. In order to improve the clinical outcome of oral cancer, early detection is very important. One of the emerging technologies in the early detection of oral cancer is the use of noninvasive in vivo tissue imaging that captures the molecular changes at high resolution to improve the detection capability of oral cancer at an early stage.
Highlights
Oral cancer is a multistep, multipathway, and multifocal process extending over a period of 10-20 years, where a majority of carcinomas are assumed to be preceded by readily detectable visible changes of the oral mucosa.[1]
The most common form of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which accounts for 90-95% of all cancers of the oral cavity
In India, 20 per 100,000 population are affected by oral cancer, which accounts for about 30% of all types of cancer
Summary
Oral cancer may occur due to poor dental care and poor diet.[2] The occurrence of oral cancer is most frequent after the age of 40 years, with a peak at 60 years of age It affects males twice as often as females. The overall 5-year survival rates for oral cancer have remained low at approximately 50% for the past decades and have remained among the worst of all cancer death rates, considerably lower than that for colorectal, cervix, and breast origin. This is due to the lack of training of health professionals for early detection and diagnosis.
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