Abstract
The study was conducted on pancreas of 24 buffalo fetuses collected from abattoir and Veterinary clinics, GADVASU, Ludhiana. The buffalo fetuses were divided into three groups after measuring their CVRL, namely, group I (CVRL between 0 and 20 cm), group II (CVRL above 20 cm and up to 40 cm), and group III (CVRL above 40 cm) and their approximate age was calculated. The tissues were processed for light and ultrastructural studies. In group I, at 1.2 cm CVRL (34 days), the pancreas comprised tubules and solid nest of undifferentiated epithelial cells. At 7.5 cm CVRL (63 days) acinar cells with zymogen granules were observed. These acinar cells varied in shape from columnar to pyramidal. At 12.8 cm CVRL (86 days), parenchyma began to organize into lobes and lobules. The centroacinar cells were observed at 12.8 cm CVRL (86 days). In group II, at 28.3 cm CVRL (137 days), there was extensive branching of tubules that resulted in highly branched ductal tree connecting exocrine secretary units to the duct system. The interlobular and intralobular ducts were well observed at this age yet the intercalated ducts were not completely developed. In group III, exocrine pancreas showed a massive growth at 48 cm CVRL (182 days) with distinct pancreatic lobes and lobules. At 54 cm CVRL (195 days), well developed pancreatic architecture was seen with the presence of extensive development of exocrine part organized in lobes and lobules with interlobular and intralobular ducts whereas the intercalated ducts were observed in 80 cm CVRL (254 days).
Highlights
Pancreas is a bifunctional organ consisting of an exocrine part organized in acini and a duct system that secretes enzymes for digestion and an endocrine part that secretes hormones like insulin, glucagon, and so forth that helps in glucose homeostasis
With further branching of pancreatic primitive tubules, the pancreas grew more in size and the luminization of many epithelial buds was observed at 4.2 cm crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) (48 days)
Cleaver and MacDonald [18] have reported that the entire pancreatic tree arose from an endodermally derived protodifferentiated epithelium and multipotent progenitor cells located at branched tips and gave rise to different pancreatic cells including acinar, endocrine, and ductal lineages
Summary
Pancreas is a bifunctional organ consisting of an exocrine part organized in acini and a duct system that secretes enzymes for digestion and an endocrine part that secretes hormones like insulin, glucagon, and so forth that helps in glucose homeostasis. Advancements in stem cell technology have recently sparked optimism that diabetes could be cured by harvesting stem cells for therapeutic use. This has led to heightened interest in understanding embryonic development of the pancreas [2]. Most of the work on development of exocrine pancreas has been reported in human. Birds, reptiles, and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, the findings of the present research have been discussed with the available literature in human. The present research may provide a basic data which can be used to evaluate any abnormality occurring in the development of the pancreas at a critical period of organization
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