Abstract
The characteristics of the synoviocytes from knee joints of rat synovial membrane were studied by serial sectioning combined with an ultrastructural—cytochemical analysis of the synovial intima after intraarticular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Two and only two different types of synoviocytes, type A and type S, were found. Type A which absorbed horseradish peroxidase was mainly characterized by numerous small vesicles and large vacuoles. Type S which did not absorb horseradish peroxidase was characterized by a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and dense granules indicating a secretory function. In addition peroxidase-negative vacuoles were invariably found in the large cytoplasmic processes facing the joint cavity. No intermediate types of cells were observed. The study also demonstrated the necessity of serial sectioning in order to obtain adequate information about the number of different types of synoviocytes present in the intima. The findings support the interpretation that the synoviocytes represent two morphologically and functionally distinct types of cells which are characteristic of the synovial membrane.
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