Abstract
This systematic review sought to analyze different experimental peri-implantitis models, their potential to induce marginal bone resorption (MBR) and the necessity of bacteria for bone loss to occur in these models. An electronic search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect was undertaken. A total of 133 studies were analyzed. Most studies induced peri-implantitis with ligatures that had formed a biofilm, sometimes in combination with inoculation of specific bacteria but never in a sterile environment. Most vertical MBR resulted from new ligatures periodically packed above old ones, followed by periodically exchanged ligatures and ligatures that were not exchanged. Cotton ligatures produced the most MBR, followed by steel, “dental floss” (not further specified in the studies) and silk. The amount of MBR varied significantly between different animal types and implant surfaces. None of the analyzed ligature studies aimed to validate that bacteria are necessary for the inducement of MBR. It cannot be excluded that bone loss can be achieved by other factors of the model, such as an immunological reaction to the ligature itself or trauma from repeated ligature insertions. Because all the included trials allowed plaque accumulation on the ligatures, bone resorbing capacity due to other factors could not be excluded or evaluated here.
Highlights
Experiments that aimed to mimic peri-implantitis were first introduced in the early 1990s in response to reports on progressive peri-implant bone loss around dental implants [1,2]
The aims of the present review were to categorize (1) the models that induce experimental peri-implantitis described in literature and (2) to verify whether the amount of vertical marginal bone resorption (MBR) varies between different ligature techniques, material and size of ligatures, animals or implant surfaces used in these studies
This systematic review presents a broad inclusion of experimental peri-implantitis studies that were all based on the infectious model except for a few studies that exposed the implants to overload
Summary
Experiments that aimed to mimic peri-implantitis were first introduced in the early 1990s in response to reports on progressive peri-implant bone loss around dental implants [1,2]. The aims of the present review were to categorize (1) the models that induce experimental peri-implantitis described in literature and (2) to verify whether the amount of vertical MBR varies between different ligature techniques (exchanged or non-exchanged ligature), material and size of ligatures, animals or implant surfaces used in these studies. With this information in mind, we (3) critically analyzed the attempts to validate the presence of bacteria containing biofilms as a cause of MBR in ligature-induced peri-implantitis models
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
