Ligase chain reaction amplification for sensitive electrochemiluminescent detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms

Abstract

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common type of genetic variations among human beings and can serve as biomarkers for various types of diseases. In this work, based on ligase chain reaction amplification for the production of massive hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes to quench the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) emission of quantum dots (QDs), a universal and sensitive single nucleotide polymorphism detection method is described. During the ligase chain reaction process, the mutant K-ras target gene is recycled and exponentially duplicated, leading to the attachment of numerous G-rich sequences on the QD-embedded sensing surface. Upon the addition of the assistant sequences and hemin, numerous hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes are formed, which consume the dissolved oxygen in the detection buffer and result in significant quenching of QD ECL emission for sensitive single nucleotide polymorphism determination. The developed method shows a linear range of 50fM to 50pM and an estimated detection limit of 45fM for the mutant K-ras gene. The proposed strategy also exhibits high selectivity towards the mutant K-ras gene against the co-existence of 103-fold excess of the wild-type K-ras gene, which makes our method a useful addition to the alternatives for single nucleotide polymorphism monitoring.