Abstract
A third-order process involving ligand excited states is discussed. We estimate that for two-photon absorption within the ${f}^{7}$ configuration of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$:Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ this mechanism makes a contribution comparable to the third-order crystal-field process which has been used previously to explain the experimentally observed intensity distributions in that system.
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