Abstract
Here, we have developed a novel, simple, efficient, and green protocol for one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole using arylidene malononitrile and pyrazolone in Water Extract of Banana Peels (WEB) as a reaction medium at room temperature (r.t.). This is a green and general synthetic protocol without utilization of any toxic organic solvent, ligand, base that could be applicable for the wide substrate scope in good to excellent yields. This protocol has various advantages such as fast reactions, eco-friendly reaction conditions, easy isolation of the product without using column chromatography. The green chemistry matrices calculation like atom economy reaction, environmental factor, as well as process mass intensity indicates the eco-friendly nature of the protocol.
Highlights
The development of a reaction under green and mild condition by employing naturally available waste material is highly advantageous in organic synthesis (Marvaniya et al, 2011; Parmar et al, 2013; Maleki and Ashrafi, 2014)
To a solution of arylidene malononitrile (1 mmol) and Water Extract of Banana Peels (WEB) (3 ml/mmol), 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (1 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for the indicated time (Table 1) at Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles room temperature
The banana peels (Figure 2) was dried under sunlight and were burned to get the ash at 500◦C for 2 h. This ash was transferred into a glass beaker containing distilled water (3 gm of ash to 100 ml of distilled water) and the mixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature
Summary
The development of a reaction under green and mild condition by employing naturally available waste material is highly advantageous in organic synthesis (Marvaniya et al, 2011; Parmar et al, 2013; Maleki and Ashrafi, 2014). Most of the organic synthesis uses catalysts which are expensive and toxic in nature. The use of renewable feedstock in organic transformations provides environmentally benign protocol but is available in bulk (Saikia and Borah, 2015). The use of nature-derived reaction medium in organic synthesis successfully replaced toxic solvents, reagents, and expensive catalysts. These methods are very efficient, suitable and generates negligible hazardous by-products (Saikia and Borah, 2015; Reddy et al, 2018). Several organic transformations have been reported using WEB as reaction medium and catalyst such as synthesis of 3-carboxycoumarins (Bagul et al, 2017), Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions (Boruah et al, 2015), The Henry reaction (Surneni et al, 2016) using WEB etc
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