Abstract
Advancements in wireless communication technologies have facilitated the deployment of large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Due to the constraint of associated battery power, various optimization structures have been proposed to enhance the lifetime of WSNs. In this article, the concept of supernodes is used along with Moth Flame Optimization algorithm to improve the lifetime of the heterogeneous WSNs. The Moth Flame Optimization algorithm is used to achieve the energy-efficient clustering and energy-aware routing. The performance of Moth Flame Optimization algorithm is compared with the other existing protocol, including Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The effects of varying populations of supernodes and sensor nodes on the network metrics are also analyzed here. The influence of the number of hops on the lifetime is also investigated considering two different positions of the base-station in WSNs.
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