Abstract
This cross-sectional and 4-year longitudinal cohort study aimed to clarify how various lifestyle-related variables affect knee extension strength in elderly Japanese women. The participants were community-dwelling women (n = 575) living in the Itabashi Ward of Tokyo, Japan aged 75–85 years at baseline (in 2008) who returned for a follow-up examination 4 years later (in 2012). Maximum isometric knee extension strength in the dominant leg was measured during comprehensive medical check-ups at baseline and follow-up. Interviews with participants included questions on their history of 11 diseases and lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity as well as dietary, smoking, and drinking habits. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses yielded inconsistent results regarding the associations between lifestyle-related factors and knee extension strength. While going out more frequently and regular physical exercise positively affected baseline knee extension strength, they did not affect knee extension strength in the longitudinal analysis. The longitudinal analysis revealed that more frequent intake of soy products or green and yellow vegetables at baseline decreased age-related knee extension strength decline. The inconsistent results from the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicate that conducting both types of analyses is crucial for researching this type of subject. The present study demonstrates that the age-related decline in muscle strength is lower in those who frequently eat soy products or green and yellow vegetables. Thus, recommending higher intake of soy products, and green and yellow vegetables for the elderly might help maintain their muscle health.
Highlights
IntroductionFactors Associated with Knee Extension Strength for them to lead independent lives
As the average life expectancy in Japan is increasing, finding ways to maintain basic levels of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) among the elderly is importantPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0132523 July 15, 2015Factors Associated with Knee Extension Strength for them to lead independent lives
Our cross-sectional analysis showed that women who go out or exercise regularly had a higher knee extension strength (KES) than those who did not
Summary
Factors Associated with Knee Extension Strength for them to lead independent lives. The prospective study of Rantanen et al shows that the strength of multiple muscle groups predicts ADL dependence among persons aged 75 years; at the 5-year follow-up, those who were in the lowest tertile of muscle strength had a 2- to 3-fold greater risk of becoming ADL-dependent than those in the highest tertile [2]. Kojima et al report that older women with greater knee extension strength (KES) have a lower prevalence of IADL disability [1]. In a 10-year follow-up study of 120 participants aged 46–78 years at baseline, older participants demonstrated a greater rate of decline in the strength of knee and elbow extensors and flexors [8]. Minimizing the age-related decline in KES is important for maintaining independence
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