Lifestyle Patterns and the Awareness of the Risks of Non-Communicable Diseases in Sudan : A Community Study = أنماط الحياة و الوعي بمخاطر الأمراض غير السارية في السودان : دراسة مجتمع

Abstract

Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and practices regarding lifestyle (healthy diet, physical activity and tobacco use) in relation to awareness of the risks of NCDs in Sudan. Methods It was a qualitative study conducted in three states in Sudan (Northern state, Blue Nile State and Red Sea State) in May 2011, as part of the Risk Behavior Survey. The fifteen states of Northern Sudan were ranked into four zonal groups. Each zonal group was given scores according to health indicators that are based on data from representative national health surveys. Twenty-four focus group discussions were conducted; eight in each state, four in rural areas and four in urban areas. Results The results revealed that the respondents were aware of the benefits of all lifestyle habits that are related to NCDs; such as the effect of physical exercise and the negative effect of obesity. However, only few respondents were engaged in regular physical activity with the purpose of exercise. Consumption of cooked vegetables occurred on daily basis in all states; however, fruit consumption was much less depending on accessibility and prices. Respondents identified white meat as a healthier option; however, they consumed red meat much more. There were also high consumption rates of both white sugar and salt. All tobacco users were aware of tobacco health-related hazards. The respondents showed their desire to quit tobacco use but lack of support and resources were the main barriers. Conclusion Knowledge of the Sudanese community with regards to healthy diet, physical activity and tobacco was found to be quiet adequate. However, the daily lifestyle practices are almost unhealthy and contradict their knowledge. Behavioral interventions are needed to improve the lifestyle of the Sudanese community.