Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of global mortality. Applying a comprehensive interventional program may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and its complications.ObjectiveThis study compared the effects of a three-month intervention involving lifestyle modification and physical activity with standard care in women ≥30 years having a moderate to high risk of CVD, with respect to improving physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the National Guard Residential City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2015.MethodsThe effects of this community-based lifestyle program were assessed through a randomized controlled trial from January 1st to September 6th, 2015. Women in the intervention group (n = 31) received health education, exercise training, and diet counselling as individuals and in groups according to the participant’s risk. Women in the control group (n = 28) received one health education session at the screening site. The primary outcome was the proportion of women with moderate Framingham risk scores (FRS) reducing their risk by 10% and the proportion of women with high FRS reducing their risk by 25%. The secondary outcome was the proportion of women reducing their risk by ≥1 risk category.ResultsThe mean participant age was 42 ± 8 years. At three-month’s follow-up, reductions were greater in the intervention group and the difference between groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lifestyle intervention program significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (-9.2 mmHg), blood glucose (-45 mg/dL) and Framingham risk score (-13.6). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant improvement in the Framingham risk score (p < 0.01).ConclusionIn a population of women with moderate-to-high risk of CVD, a personalized lifestyle modification program showed positive association in improving the 10-year cardiovascular Framingham risk score after three months.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes various conditions such as hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure, and stroke [1]
The primary outcome was the proportion of women with moderate Framingham risk scores (FRS) reducing their risk by 10% and the proportion of women with high FRS reducing their risk by 25%
Linear regression analysis revealed a significant improvement in the Framingham risk score (p < 0.01)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes various conditions such as hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure, and stroke [1]. According to the World Heart Federation, CVD is the most serious neglected health problem affecting women worldwide [6], being responsible for 17.3 million deaths in 2008 (30% of all mortalities) [7]. According to the World Health Organization statistics for 2008, most of the mortalities in Saudi Arabia were due to noncommunicable chronic diseases. Prevalence of modifiable risk factors in Saudi women that have been clinically proven to influence cardiovascular health include diabetes (9.6% to 27.6%), high blood pressure (21.8%), hypercholesterolemia (24.5%), being overweight (27%) or obese (40.23%), How to cite this article Khouja J H, Al Jasir B, Bargawi A A, et al (November 30, 2020) Lifestyle Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Applying a comprehensive interventional program may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and its complications
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