Abstract
Optimization of factors that influence peak bone mass is one strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recently issued a scientific statement providing evidence-based guidance for the purpose of helping individuals achieve optimal peak bone mass early in life. This chapter summarizes the role of individual nutrients, food patterns, lifestyle issues (e.g., smoking), and physical activity on bone mass and strength development in children and adolescents. The best evidence is for positive effects of calcium intake and physical activity on bone mass and density. Good evidence was also available for positive effects of vitamin D and dairy consumption.
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