Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert important functions in mediating the pleiotropic effects of diverse exogenous factors such as physical exercise and food components. Particularly, PPARs act as transcription factors that control the expression of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, and cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advancements reported on the effects of lifestyle and food habits on PPAR transcriptional activity in chronic disease.
Highlights
Modern lifestyle characterized by unbalanced composition of the diet and poor physical activity, accompanied by the presence of environmental pollutants, has resulted in dramatic increases in the rates of metabolic disease and age-related diseases
This review provides an update of lifestyle and food habits on low grade inflammation in two main chronic diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with particular attention on the mechanism that involve the activation of the major metabolic and inflammatory players, the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)
It is becoming noticeable that the primary cause of most Western chronic diseases, with systemic low-grade inflammation as the common denominator, is not following a correct lifestyle and improper food habits
Summary
Modern lifestyle characterized by unbalanced composition of the diet and poor physical activity, accompanied by the presence of environmental pollutants, has resulted in dramatic increases in the rates of metabolic disease and age-related diseases These chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), autoimmune diseases, cancers (breast, colorectal, pancreas), and neurodegenerative diseases are all characterized by a chronic sterile systemic low-grade inflammation [1,2,3]. Different environmental factors of Western lifestyle play a key role in inducing chronic sterile systemic low-grade inflammation and, eventually, the correlated chronic disease These factors may be divided in the unbalanced composition of the diet [6,7,8] and non-food related factors [9]. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid, Methyl palmitate, 2-bromopalmitic acid, prostacyclin I2, 4-HNE
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