Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Affecting Bone Mass in Japanese Female Adolescents

Abstract

PurposeA higher peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescence lowers the risk of osteoporosis later in life. This study examined the factors affecting bone mass in female adolescents in relation to lifestyle and environmental factors to promote bone mass development before reaching PBM. Design and methodsThe subjects were female students aged 15–16 years and their mothers at a public high school in Osaka, Japan. Bone mass was measured using quantitative ultrasound parameters. The body composition was measured using a multi-frequency segmental body composition analyzer. Nutrient intake, exercise habits, and maternal factors as environmental factors were examined using a questionnaire. ResultsLogistic regression analyses revealed that the adolescents' lean mass was significantly related to the BUA (p < .05). The adjusted odds ratio was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.54). In contrast, the adolescents' exercise habit was significantly related to the SOS (p < .05). The SOS was significantly higher in the adolescents who exercised >4 times a week than in those who exercised <2–3 times a week. The adjusted odds ratio was 2.83 (95% CI: 1.06–7.56). The adolescents' nutrient intake and maternal factors were not significant factors affecting the adolescents' bone mass. ConclusionsThe present study suggests that increasing lean mass and exercising more than four times a week were important for increasing bone mass in female adolescents. Practice implicationsNurses should intervene to help female adolescents acquire healthy lifestyle skills and maintain proper body composition and exercise habits to promote bone mass development before reaching PBM.