Abstract
Currently, there is widespread interest in many different diets. The best-known diets include the New Atkins diet in the USA, the Dukan diet in France, and in South Africa the Noakes diet. Two different approaches have emerged, one focusing on a life-long healthy lifestyle and the other emphasising weight loss. These are in fact complementary aims, as will be reviewed and reconciled. Furthermore, besides the dietary approach, there is a valid case for added drug therapy for selected lipid disorders with the use statins. In addition, new drugs are emerging that in the future might eventually considerably reduce the negative health impact of coronary artery disease.
Highlights
There is widespread interest in many different diets
The most important are non-smoking and regular exercise, followed by body weight and diet, in order of importance (Table 1). These proposals are based on a series of important studies on over 100 000 US health professionals over 10 to 25 years, which defined the contribution to health of four major lifestyle factors, only one of which is diet (Table 1).[2,4,5]
While there are many diets to choose from, the majority focusing on weight loss, few diets have had scientifically solid outcome studies to prove that the diet in question improves health and increases life span
Summary
Less toxic chemicals released from fat cells High unsaturated fatty acids, high vegetables and fruit, low red meat Red wine preferred, contains melatonin Remaining 21% may be stress related. The ideal approach to nip diabetes in the bud is by testing HbA1c values in those with the metabolic syndrome or obesity, and to go for weight loss induced by combined diet and exercise In those with established type 2 diabetes (DM2), a population study in Hong Kong suggested that statin therapy attenuated the associated increased cancer risk.[21] For diabetes, in a large study with 215 725 person-years of follow up, statin use before the diagnosis of diabetes reduced diabetic retinopathy (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% CI: 0.54–0.66; p < 0.0001), diabetic neuropathy (HR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.57–0.75; p < 0.0001), and gangrene of the foot (HR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.97; p = 0.010).[22] Regarding the general adult population, statins are recommended as first-line therapy in those up to and including 75 years of age, who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (Table 4 in Stone et al.[23])
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