Life-stage specific transcriptomes of a migratory endoparasitic plant nematode, Radopholus similis elucidate a different parasitic and life strategy of plant parasitic nematodes

Xin Huang,Hui Xie,Hong-Le Wang,Si-Hua Yang,Chun-Ling Xu,Chun Chen,Jun-Yi Li,Zi-Xu Zhang

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42724-7

Xin Huang, Hui Xie + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42724-7

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Apr 18, 2019
Citations: 13	License type: open-access

Affiliation: South China Agricultural University

Abstract

Radopholus similis is an important migratory endoparasitic nematode, severely harms banana, citrus and many other commercial crops. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of infection and pathogenesis of R. similis. In this study, 64761 unigenes were generated from eggs, juveniles, females and males of R. similis. 11443 unigenes showed significant expression difference among these four life stages. Genes involved in host parasitism, anti-host defense and other biological processes were predicted. There were 86 and 102 putative genes coding for cell wall degrading enzymes and antioxidase respectively. The amount and type of putative parasitic-related genes reported in sedentary endoparasitic plant nematodes are variable from those of migratory parasitic nematodes on plant aerial portion. There were no sequences annotated to effectors in R. similis, involved in feeding site formation of sedentary endoparasites nematodes. This transcriptome data provides a new insight into the parasitic and pathogenic molecular mechanisms of the migratory endoparasitic nematodes. It also provides a broad idea for further research on R. similis.

Highlights

The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis [(Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949] is an important migratory endoparasitic plant nematode that was first discovered by Cobb in 1891, on the banana roots from Fiji
Transcriptome sequencing had been performed in R. similis using SMART cDNA synthesis method[18]
R. similis transcriptome data was blasted against the protein data of 9 nematodes including C. elegans, A. suum, B. pahangij, L. loa, M. incognita, M. floridensis, M. hapla, B. xylophilus and G. pallida. 8677 proteins from M. floridensis have similar sequences in R. similis transcriptome data, which were more than in other 8 nematodes (Fig. 1). 36 transcripts showing similarity with Wolbachia genes have been screened out

Summary

Introduction

The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis [(Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949] is an important migratory endoparasitic plant nematode that was first discovered by Cobb in 1891, on the banana roots from Fiji. R. similis invades and feeds in cells of the cortex of the roots. R. similis is classified as one of the top 10 plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) worldwide[3]. Females and juveniles of R. similis can infect but males with their weak stylets do not feed. R. similis can parasitize host plant successfully with the help of a large number of effectors secreted from stylet and body surface, such as cell wall degrading enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and a variety of proteases[4,5,6,7]. It is very important to study these effectors for R. similis control. Different expressed transcripts among eggs, juveniles, females and males of R. similis were dig out using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing. The result will lay the foundation for studying the infection mechanism and novel R. similis control strategies

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Conclusion