Abstract
Here, we evaluated whether the exposure of rats to a cafeteria diet pre- and/or post-weaning, alters histological characteristics in the White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and liver of adult male offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into Control (CTL; fed on standard rodent chow) and Cafeteria (CAF; fed with the cafeteria diet throughout life, including pregnancy and lactation). After birth, only male offspring (F1) were maintained and received the CTL or CAF diets; originating four experimental groups: CTL-CTLF1; CTL-CAFF1; CAF-CTLF1; CAF-CAFF1. Data of biometrics, metabolic parameters, liver, BAT and WAT histology were assessed and integrated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to PCA analysis worse metabolic and biometric characteristics in adulthood are associated with the post-weaning CAF diet compared to pre and post weaning CAF diet. Thus, the CTL-CAFF1 group showed obesity, higher deposition of fat in the liver and BAT and high fasting plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Interestingly, the association between pre and post-weaning CAF diet attenuated the obesity and improved the plasma levels of glucose and triglycerides compared to CTL-CAFF1 without avoiding the higher lipid accumulation in BAT and in liver, suggesting that the impact of maternal CAF diet is tissue-specific.
Highlights
Maternal over nutrition during pregnancy and lactation increases the risk of obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in the offspring during adulthood (Smith and Ryckman 2015)
We evaluated whether post-weaning exposure to a cafeteria diet (CAF) diet would result in the amplification of this phenotype in the adult F1 offspring of dams exposed to a life-time of CAF diet
Adult F1 offspring, derived from dams exposed to life-long CAF diet, including during pregnancy and lactation periods, did not present alterations in body weight, adipose tissue content, and parameter plasmatic evaluated
Summary
Maternal over nutrition during pregnancy and lactation increases the risk of obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in the offspring during adulthood (Smith and Ryckman 2015). Maternal exposure to CAF diet during gestation and lactation induces higher body weight gain and adipose tissue content as well as metabolic abnormalities, such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia in dams (Mucellini et al 2014). While the effects of maternal over nutrition on weight gain and metabolism in offspring, before weaning, are well characterized (Smith and Ryckman 2015, Sedaghat et al 2015), their persistent effects on adipose tissue content, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and liver abnormalities in adulthood are contradictory (Tamashiro et al 2009, Akyol et al 2012, King et al 2014, Mucellini et al 2014). We evaluated whether the exposure to a CAF diet, preand post-weaning (alone or combined), modifies the histological characteristics of the WAT, BAT and liver of adult male offspring
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