Abstract
Previous research has examined the cap-and-trade mechanism with carbon emission reduction for productive firms. This paper encompasses the earlier studies by integrating borrowing firms (productive firms) conducting cap-and-trade transactions with life insurer lending decisions in a black swan environment. Our research provides the first cap call option model to describe the insurer-borrowing firm situation. In particular, we find that a black swan event stimulates life insurance businesses. The cap-and-trade scheme increases the guaranteed rate of the life insurance policy and policyholder protection. Enhancing the subsidy for the green borrowing firm deteriorates the policyholder protection in a black swan environment.
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