Life history traits of Praina temperata (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): a widely distributed and neglected cutworm of the Neotropics

Abstract

ABSTRACT Information on the cutworm Praina temperata (Schaus, 1894) is restricted to data obtained from adults and two larval host plants. Based on a data set of systematized collections in different locations in Brazil and laboratory rearing using different host plants and artificial diet, new data are presented on the spatio-temporal distribution, morphological and behavioral traits of immatures, main preferred host-plant species, biological parameters of larvae reared on artificial diet, and forewing polyphenism. Praina temperata occurs from Mexico to extreme southern Brazil, preferably in areas with a mild climate throughout the year. Their larvae have a clear preference for monocot host-plant species; specimens reared on dicot species had significantly higher mortality rates and longer life cycles. The behavior and development of immatures resemble other cutworms, although with fewer strategies to avoid natural enemies and relatively slow development. These attributes indicate that despite its association with cultivated graminaceous plants, it will likely not become a pest. The laboratory and field data revealed a polyphenism relating to the presence/absence of the square black patch between the reniform and orbicular spots on the forewing.