Abstract
The life histories of Anormenis septentrionalis (Spinola), Metcalfa pruinosa (Say), and Ormenoides venusta (Melichar) were investigated in southern Illinois from 1977 to 1979, and the immature stages were described. The three species were also reared in the laboratory. A. septentrionalis, M. pruinosa, and O. venusta are univoltine, and feed on a wide variety of woody and herbaceous plants. A. septentrionalis, M. pruinosa and, probably, O. venusta overwinter as eggs inserted in woody tissue. The three species were reared on green beans. M. pruinosa was also reared on walnut leaves, and O. venusta was reared on walnut, pawpaw, and redbud leaves. Total development time averaged 178.4 days for A. septentrionalis; only partial rearing data were obtained for the other species. Nymphs of the three species are attacked by one or more species of dryinid wasps. M. pruinosa and O. venusta nymphs are parasitized by a mite, Leptus sp., and M. pruinosa adults are parasitized by an epipyropid moth, Epipyrops barberiana Dyar.
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