Abstract
1. Life-form spectra based on cover data obtained from contrasting north-east- and southwest-facing slopes in Itasca Park, Minnesota, show pronounced differences between the vegetation of the slopes. Spectra based on species lists fail to show such clear-cut differences. 2. The greater proportion of the more protected life-forms occurring on the southwest-facing slopes as compared with the northeast-facing slopes suggests that in this region the southwest-facing slopes are the least congenial for plants. It is presumed that the greater number of freeze-thaw cycles, especially during the spring, the shorter duration of snow cover, the hot afternoon summer sun, and the drying winds from the west all contribute to accentuate the difficult environment of the southwest-facing slopes.
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