Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) of Omani adults with age and gender differentials, focusing on whether the higher LE of women than men is a gain or burden for women. Method: Data for the study come from multiple sources such as the 2010 population census, the 2008 World Health Survey in Oman, and secondary data published in the Statistical Yearbook of Oman. The life table and the modified life table proposed by Sullivan were used for estimating the LE and HLE of adult people of age 20 and above, respectively. Results: LE in Oman reached 76 years for both sexes in recent times. However, since 2010 LE has been stalled in the vicinity of 76 years in Oman. Women had higher LE than men (79 years versus 74 years). In terms of HLE, men outweighed women in Oman. At the age of 20, the gap between male-female LE was found to be 4.7 years in favor of females, whereas the gap between male-female HLE was found to be 5.8 years in favor of males. Females spent a relatively long time in poor health status than males (20.8 years versus 10.8 years) and the proportion of life spent in poor health was greater for females than males (35.0% vs. 19.3%). This revealed the paradox of less mortality but higher morbidity among women, supporting the “Failure of Success” hypothesis. Conclusion: Appropriate health policy and strategy need to be taken to reduce the gender gap in LE and HLE in Oman.
Highlights
The 20th century has been a period of both demographic and epidemiologic transitions for the populations in both developed and developing countries [1, 2]
The results indicate that the overall life expectancy (LE) at birth for both males and females combined has reached 76 years in Oman in 2020
Females spent a relatively long time in poor health status than males (20.8 years versus 10.8 years) and the proportion of life spent in poor health was greater for females than males (35.0% for females compared with 19.3% for males) (Table 4)
Summary
The 20th century has been a period of both demographic and epidemiologic transitions for the populations in both developed and developing countries [1, 2] During this period, almost all the countries across the world experienced a huge decline in mortality and fertility, resulting in one of the remarkable public health achievements of the twentieth century the impressive gain in average life expectancy (LE) — the average remaining years an individual of a particular age can be expected to live. The decline in mortality and fertility over the period and the increase in longevity, combined with the increase of degenerative chronic diseases, caused a rapid process of demographic and epidemiologic transition, imposing a new phenomenon of global population aging and public health agenda in the face of the complexity of the new morbidity pattern [1, 5].
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