Life cycles and growth rates of Baetis spp. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the laboratory and in two stony streams in Austria

Abstract

SUMMARY. Larvae of Baetis alpinus, B. lutheri and B. rhodani were reared in a stream channel (water temperature range 4.2–11.4°C) in the laboratory. The larval growth was exponential and the mean specific growth rate varied from 1.93 to 2.24% day−1 for B. alpinus, 1.49 to 3.41% day−1 for B. lutheri and 0.79 to 3.11% day−1 for B. rhodani. These variations in growth rate were related to variations in mean temperature and this was the major factor affecting growth in the laboratory.Non‐quantitative samples of the benthos in the Seebach and Unterseebach, two stony streams near Lunz, Austria, were taken at approximately monthly intervals from November 1965 to May 1968. In each year, there were two winter and three summer cohorts for B. alpinus from Seebach and two or three winter and one to three summer cohorts for B. lutheri and B. rhodani from Unterseebach. Over the study period of 30 months, eleven cohorts were recorded for B. alpinus and B. lutheri, and ten cohorts for B. rhodani. The life cycle of a cohort varied from 3 to 8 months in B. alpinus, from 2.5 to 9 months in B. lutheri and from 2.5 to 8 months in B. rhodani. Mean specific growth rate in length varied from 0.82 to 2.97% day−1 for B. alpinus, 0.96 to 3.33% day−1 for B. lutheri and 0.65 to 3.01% day−1 for B. rhodani. The percentage of the variability in growth rate accounted for by variations in mean temperature was 63% for B. alpinus, 91% for B. lutheri and 82% for B. rhodani. Therefore mean temperature was clearly the major factor affecting the growth rates in the field.An agreement was found between the growth rates of B. alpinus in the field and the laboratory. The growth rates of B. lutheri and B. rhodani were slower in the field than in the laboratory at higher temperatures. The possible reasons for this latter discrepancy are discussed, and the growth rates of the three Baetis spp. are compared with those of other species of Ephemeroptera.