Life cycle evaluation of seismic retrofit alternatives for reinforced concrete columns.

Abstract

The critical earthquakes of the last few years highlight the urgent seismic retrofitting of existing buildings due to their aging or inadequate design. This paper aims to evaluate reinforced concrete column retrofit alternatives in a region of high seismic risk. Significant economic, environmental, and functional factors must be considered when deciding between various building retrofit options. The study uses a cradle-to-grave analysis to examine the economic and environmental impacts through life cycle assessments. Specifically, the life-cycle performance of three classic alternatives for rehabilitating columns lacking adequate confinement is compared: concrete jacketing, steel jacketing, and carbon fiber incorporation. The research adopts a holistic approach using multi-criteria decision-making methods, integrating economic, environmental, and functional criteria. A set of criteria and indicators is presented in a structured hierarchy that facilitates the orderly evaluation of alternatives. The results suggest that steel jacketing is preferred, as it presents a balanced performance in most criteria. The incorporation of carbon fiber is viable due to its low environmental and functional impact, although the high production costs of the raw materials limit it. In contrast, concrete jacketing has the highest environmental and functional impacts, making it the least favorable option. The results of this study will provide relevant information for engineers and decision-makers to select the most suitable options for building retrofit when considering several simultaneous perspectives.