Abstract
Energy efficiency of existing buildings is a concept to manage and restrain the growth in energy consumption and one of the crucial issues due to the magnitude of the sector. Educational buildings are in charge of about 15% of the total energy consumption of the non-residential building sector. However, not only operational but also embodied energy of a building should be reduced to get the overall benefits of energy efficiency, where, using energy efficient architectural measures and low emitting materials during every retrofit action can be a logical step. The majority of buildings in Turkey and EU was built earlier than the development of the energy efficiency in the construction sector, hence, without energy retrofit, consume an enormous amount of energy that can be averted significantly by the implementation of some even not advanced retrofit measures. Furthermore, demolishing of a building to construct a new one is not a rational approach concerning cost, time and environmental pollution. The study has been focused on the impact assessment of the various architectural scenarios of energy efficiency upgrading on the Life Cycle Energy Consumption (LCEC) and Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emission. Within the scope of the study, a primary school building is selected to be analysed. Through analysis, the total embodied and operational energy use and CO2 emission regarding the life cycle phase of the building is quantitatively defined and investigated in the framework of life cycle inventory. The paper concentrates on the operation and embodied energy consumption arising from the application of a variety of measures on the building envelope. An educational building with low LCCO2 emissions and LCEC in Turkey is proposed. To exemplify the approach, contributions are applied to a case study in Istanbul as a representative school building. The primary energy consumption of the case study building is calculated with a dynamic simulation tool, EnergyPlus. Afterwards, a sort of architectural energy efficient measures is implemented in the envelope while the lighting and mechanical systems remain constant. The energy used in the production and transportation of materials, which are the significant parts of the embodied energy, are taken into account as well.
Highlights
The energy consumption used throughout the building's lifecycle is a large amount of material production and energy demand affected by building construction, HVAC and lighting systems, maintenance, equipment and demolition
The objective of this study is to develop practical solutions for the improvement of energy performance and environmental impact of the educational buildings
The study has been concentrated on the impact assessment of the various architectural scenarios for energy efficiency improvement on the Life Cycle Energy Consumption (LCEC) and Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emission of a building
Summary
The energy consumption used throughout the building's lifecycle is a large amount of material production and energy demand affected by building construction, HVAC and lighting systems, maintenance, equipment and demolition. Implementation of energy efficient architectural measures and low emitting material can be a reasonable point to cut down the operational and embodied energy consumptions together with CO2 emissions. Destruction of an existing building to construct an energy-efficient one entails to allocate considerable money, time and labour and are irrational while it can be retrofitted. To increase the energy efficiency of school buildings, the energy demand should be minimized the energy efficient systems ought to be implemented. All of these actions for existing buildings require a considerable budget. As most of these buildings are public and managed by states, high cost can prevent to conduct the action. Measures with a high payback period cannot affect customers
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