Abstract
Abstract This study analyze the urban water cycle in the Turin Metropolitan Area (Northwestern Italy), with a focus on quantifying the annual life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, using Material Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment methods. The annual direct and indirect energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have been quantified as related to system-wide energy consumption and production and transportation of chemicals used in water/wastewater treatment plants. Results says that the wastewater treatment consumes the biggest share of the total energy (44%), but a significant part of this energy demand is provided by the energy in biogas produced from wastewater sludge.
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