Life Cycle Assessment of Oyster Farming in the Po Delta, Northern Italy

Tamburini Tamburini,Fano Fano,Castaldelli Castaldelli,Turolla Turolla

doi:10.3390/resources8040170

Abstract

Oysters represent an important portion of the world’s total aquaculture production. In recent years, in Italy, oyster farming has progressively increased its role in the economic growth of the aquaculture sector and still has great potential for growth. As in any other production, oyster farming generates environmental impacts over an oyster’s life cycle, due to material, energy, fuel, and water use. The aim of this work was to carry out a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of 1 kg of fresh oysters of commercial size produced in the Po delta area, northern Italy. Two scenarios were considered. The current scenario provides for oyster seed purchasing from France and transport to Italy, whereas the alternative scenario includes in situ seed production in order to realize a complete local and traceable supply chain. Eco-indicator® 99-H and ReCiPe® midpoint (H) v.1.12 were used to perform the impact assessments. The overall impacts of the two scenarios were very similar and indicated that the main hotspots were the fattening and prefattening phases of farming, which were common in both scenarios. Focusing the analysis on the first stages, transport from France had a greater impact than did local seed production, emphasizing the importance of a short supply chain in aquaculture production.

Highlights

Assuring appropriate food and nutrition security worldwide is a daunting challenge [1].A fundamental issue for future development is if it is possible to obtain a food supply for a human population that is expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050 [2]
The aim of this work was to carry out a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of 1 kg of fresh oysters of commercial size produced in the Po delta area, northern Italy
An impact of 0.0101 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) on human health means that oyster farming could contribute to the loss of about 5.5 days of life distributed over the overall population [42]

Summary

Introduction

Assuring appropriate food and nutrition security worldwide is a daunting challenge [1].A fundamental issue for future development is if it is possible to obtain a food supply for a human population that is expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050 [2]. Direct and indirect land use effects, freshwater scarcity, deforestation, and biodiversity reduction are contributing to a general loss of sustainability and a reduced capacity to leave the same food supply opportunities for future generations [4]. Under this scenario, fisheries and aquaculture, the food industries that need to use soil and freshwater less [5], will be one of the greatest resources in supporting human nutrition for the years [6]. Aquaculture contributes about 171 × 106 tons per year, about 2%

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion