Abstract
A bottom-up approach coupled with national and regional statistical data was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate fertilizer production in China. The total environmental burden caused by both types of phosphate fertilizer production in China was mainly generated from climate change, terrestrial acidification, human toxicity, particulate matter formation, and marine ecotoxicity categories. Hubei and Guizhou Provinces were found to have the highest diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate fertilizer yield and environmental effects, whereas Fujian, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Henan, Sichuan, Shanxi and Hunan Provinces were small because of the distribution of phosphate rock mining and phosphate fertilizers production capacity. Optimizing the utilization efficiency of phosphoric acid, improving the reuse ratio of phosphogypsum, reducing the proportion of high-concentration phosphate fertilizer, and optimizing phosphate fertilization rate to crops in China are the key factors in reducing the overall environmental impacts.
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