Abstract
This study deals with the problems connected with the benefits and costs of an offshore wind power plant in terms of ecology. Development prospects of offshore and land-based wind energy production are described. Selected aspects involved in the design, construction, and operation of offshore wind power plant construction and operation are presented. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the environmental impact of offshore and land-based wind power plants. Life cycle assessment analysis of 2-MW offshore and land wind power plants was made with the use of Eco-indicator 99 modeling. The results were compared in four areas of impact in order to obtain values of indexes for nonergonomic (impact on/by operator), nonfunctional (of/on the product), nonecological (on/by living objects), and nonsozological impacts (on/by manmade objects), reflecting the extent of threat to human health, the environment, and natural resources. The processes involved in extraction of fossil fuels were found to produce harmful emissions which in turn lead to respiratory system diseases being, thus, extremely dangerous for the natural environment. For all the studied areas, the impact on the environment was found to be higher for land-based wind power plants than for an offshore wind farm.
Highlights
Recent years have witnessed a significant growth in offshore wind energy production.As compared to other renewable energy sources, it has been developing most rapidly
Considering the above, the aim of the study is an analysis of the environmental impact of an offshore wind power plant life cycle in comparison with a land wind power plant
An analysis of negative environmental effects generated during one life cycle of the land and offshore wind farm was performed including four kinds of impacts, eleven impact categories, and three impact areas
Summary
Recent years have witnessed a significant growth in offshore wind energy production.As compared to other renewable energy sources, it has been developing most rapidly. Recent years have witnessed a significant growth in offshore wind energy production. In Europe, the power accumulated in offshore power plants is 12.6 GW. In Europe, the amount of 27.6 mld. € has been spent on this kind of investments including 18.2 mld. The number of land investments has dropped by 5% €), which is the first drop reported during the last few years. It is expected that by 2030, 7–11% of electric energy in the EU will be produced in offshore wind power plants. It is estimated that by the year 2030, the cumulative capacity installed in European offshore energy power plants will range from 65 to 85 GW [1,2,3,4]
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