Abstract
Life Cycle Activity Analysis (LCAA) combines classical Activity Analysis with environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). It provides a structured approach to economic and environmental optimization of the entire supply chain of products, processes or services. LCAA considers all activities from “cradle to grave” including alternative methods of production, distribution, reuse and recovery. This paper builds on the previous work by the authors and applies the LCAA approach to assess alternative end-of-life options for plastic components used in electronic equipment. The environmental and economic consequences associated with these end-of-life options, such as remanufacturing, mechanical recycling, feedstock recycling and incineration, are evaluated for the entire supply chain and opportunities for closing the material loop are highlighted. A mathematical programming model is formulated and solved numerically to determine the optimal supply chain configurations for several scenarios. Solutions are proposed which reduce both environmental and economic impacts when compared to current practice.
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