Abstract
Water vapor advection is an important diagnostic parameter for initiation and sustenance of convective systems. This variable has traditionally been explored with balloon soundings or models, but lidar provides a unique opportunity to continuously resolve spatial and temporal evolution of water vapor transport with relatively high resolution. In this study we utilize co-located Doppler wind lidars and water vapor lidars (DIAL and Raman) at multiple sites to investigate water vapor advection. A case of nocturnal convection in the Great Plains is analyzed with these observations and compared to the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) operational forecast model.
Highlights
Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are large, intense convective systems that bring substantial rainfall and potentially damaging winds or hail
Initiating or fueling convection [2]. Because these events are often poorly forecasted, this study will address a case of a level jets (LLJs) feeding into an MCS through the lens of lidar observations to understand details of the event as well as compare the observations to an operational forecast of the domain
The product water vapor advection profiles are shown in the top row of Figure 3
Summary
Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are large, intense convective systems that bring substantial rainfall and potentially damaging winds or hail. MCSs are impactful in the Great Plains region of the United States, where warmseason MCSs can form and persist overnight. Forecasting these events and related phenomena such as low-level jets (LLJs) and bore waves is challenging. In 2015 a large field campaign was executed to address these issues, called Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) [1]. Initiating or fueling convection [2]. Because these events are often poorly forecasted, this study will address a case of a LLJ feeding into an MCS through the lens of lidar observations to understand details of the event as well as compare the observations to an operational forecast of the domain. The chosen forecast model is the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) model, run and archived by NCEP
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