Licorice and 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Abstract

Licorice has been used from 2500years and it is still prescribed as a medicinal plant. It possesses a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including antiinflammatory and immune regulatory actions. The most reported effect is the ability to quench thirst and to retain liquids. Glicyrrhetinic acid (GA), the main active component of the root, can induce pseudohyperaldosteronism by blocking the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and by acting directly at the level of mineralocorticoid receptors. Licorice can block also 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 thus reducing fat mass both by topical application and by ingestion. Another medical use is in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in association with spironolactone, enhancing the antiandrogen activity and blunting the hypotensive and hyperkalemic effect of spironolactone. Licorice extract contains also glabridin that has an estrogen-like effect. Other important uses are the antiviral and antifungal action.