Abstract
The role played by lichens in archaeological and monumental areas as biodeteriogenic agents is discussed. Methods now used in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lichenic colonisation on stonework are considered, and their standardisation is proposed. Lichens not only play a role in degradation but are also used as indicators of environmental characteristics. Thus the function of lichens as biomonitors in the broadest sense is discussed. The authors propose a methodological record with different approaches (auto ecology, synecology, phytosociology) that could be applied to stonework, historical and archaeological areas with the aid of integrated methodologies (biological traps, lichenometry, biomonitoring).
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