Abstract
BackgroundLichenoid lesions of the upper labial mucosa, without other oral or extraoral manifestations seem to be rare. The clinicopathologic features of 24 such cases are presented and the pertinent literature is reviewed.Material and Methods24 Caucasian patients that clinically presented lichenoid features on the upper labial mucosa, with or without lichenoid lesions on the adjacent gingiva, were included in the study. Clinical features were extracted from the patients’ records, while dental plaque/calculus accumulation and composite resin restorations of the adjacent teeth were recorded. Four cases where an incisional biopsy was performed were further evaluated.ResultsThere were 8 males and 16 females, with a mean age of 62.7 years. 64.2% were under hypertensive therapy. In 13 cases gingival involvement was noticed, 16 cases exhibited calculus deposition, while 6 cases presented with composite resin fillings of the adjacent teeth. In 4 cases an incisional biopsy was performed showing features of lichenoid reaction. In 37.5% significant improvement was observed after topical treatment with corticosteroids and antimicrobial agents.ConclusionsLichenoid lesions of the upper lip may represent a distinct variety of oral lichenoid lesions, but as the number of cases reported so far is too small for definite conclusions on pathogenesis and management to be made, a long-term follow-up is mandatory. Key words:Lichenoid lesions, upper lip, oral lichen planus, lichenoid reactions.
Highlights
Lichenoid lesions of the oral mucosa encompass a spectrum of oral pathoses, ranging from lichen planus, to graft-versus-host disease and lichenoid reactions due to systemically administered drugs or dental restorations
Lichen planus and lichenoid reactions are commonly seen in the daily practice of Oral Medicine, but lichenoid lesions confined to the labial mucosa, without any other oral or extraoral manifestations seem to be rare [3,4]
Lichenoid lesions were defined as white striations associated with erythema/erosions on the upper labial mucosa that might coexist with similar lesions on the adjacent labial gingival mucosa [7]
Summary
Lichenoid lesions of the oral mucosa encompass a spectrum of oral pathoses, ranging from lichen planus, to graft-versus-host disease and lichenoid reactions due to systemically administered drugs or dental restorations. Oral lichenoid lesions have similar clinicopathologic features with lichen planus and represent a form of hypersensitivity reaction triggered mainly by dental restorative materials or drugs [2]. Backman and Jontell [7] reported 25 cases of lichenoid lesions of the upper lip with accompanying gingival involvement and suggested that they may represent a microbial-induced lichenoid inflammation. These lesions have distinctive clinical features, their pathogenesis and management remain obscure. The clinicopathologic features of 24 cases of lichenoid lesions of the upper labial mucosa are presented and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Conclusions: Lichenoid lesions of the upper lip may represent a distinct variety of oral lichenoid lesions, but as the number of cases reported so far is too small for definite conclusions on pathogenesis and management to be made, a long-term follow-up is mandatory
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