Liberty, Democracy, and Discord in Egypt

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Tariq al-Bishri, “Al-kha'ifun min al-dimuqratiya (The ones who fear democracy),” al-Shorouk (Cairo), March 17, 2011, http://www.shorouknews.com/contentdata.aspx?id=410792 2. “Al-Bastawisi: al-Dustur awalan, wa na'ib al-ra'is wa al-muhafathin wa al-‘umad bi al-intikhab (the constitution first and the vice president, governors, and mayors by election,” al-Fajr (Cairo), May 21, 2011, http://www.masress.com/elfagr/19369 3. Hassan Nafi‘a, ‘‘al-Kha'ifun ‘ala al-dimuqratiya (The ones who fear for democracy),’’ al—Masry al-Yawm (Cairo), March 27, 2011, http://www.almasry-alyoum.com/article2.apx?ArticleID=291694&IssueID=2087. 4. The advertisement can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRDs7iu1C1E 5. Jeffrey Fleishman, “Egypt's pro-democracy activists feel their grip slipping,” Los Angeles Times, June 27, 2011, http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/27/world/la-fg-egypt-political-battle-20110627 6. Emad Gad, “Political participation for Egyptians,” Ahram Weekly, April 27, 2011, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentPrint/4/0/10904/Opinion/0/Political-participation-for-Egyptians.aspx 7. Heba Saleh, “ElBaradei to launch bill of rights for Egypt,” Financial Times, June 19, 2011, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/13acd2c8-9a91-11e0-bab2-00144feab49a.html#ixzz1T66Q77Kf 8. Cynthia Haven, “What should America do in Egypt? Try nothing, says Stanford expert,” Stanford University News Service, February 9, 2011, http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2011/pr-egypt-experts-panel-020911.html 9. Muhammad Hasan Sha‘ban, “The Ghost of the National Party hangs over the political scene in Egypt…and demands for the delay of parliamentary elections (Shabah al-hizb al-watani yukhayyim ‘ala al-mashhad al-siyasi fi misr…wa matalib bi ta'jil al-intikhabat al-barlamaniyya),” al-Sharq al-Awsat, March 2, 2011, http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&issueno=11782&article=610624&feature= 10. Al-Bishri, “Al-kha'ifun min al-dimuqratiya (The ones who fear democracy).” 11. Lisa Blaydes, “Who Votes in Authoritarian Elections and Why?: Determinants of Voter Turnout in Contemporary Egypt,” prepared for delivery at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 31–September 3, 2006, Philadelphia, http://www.stanford.edu/~blaydes/Turnout.pdf 12. Sarah Bin-Nafisa and Ala'uddin ‘Arafat, Al-Intikhabat wa al-Zaba'iniyya al- Siyassiya fi-Misr (Elections and Political Clientelism in Egypt) (Cairo: Center for Human Rights Studies, 2005). 13. See Fareed Zakaria, “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy,” Foreign Affairs 76, no. 6 (November/December 1997). 14. “ElBaradei calls for abandoning religious slogans,” Al-Masry Al-Youm, July 20, 2011, http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/479002 15. Charney Research/International Peace Institute Egypt Polls, March and June 2011, http://www.charneyresearch.com/ 16. “Egyptians Embrace Revolt Leaders, Religious Parties and Military, As Well,” Pew Research Center, April 25, 2011, http://pewglobal.org/files/2011/04/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Egypt-Report-FINAL-April-25-2011.pdf 17. Ibrahim ‘Issa, ‘‘Sa aqul la’ lilta‘dilat al-dusturiya li hadhihi al-asbab (I will say no to the constitutional amendments for these reasons),’’ Akhbar Live (Cairo), March 16, 2011, http://akhbarlive.com/news/4910.html. 18. Usama ‘abd al-Salam, ‘‘Mumathilu 17 hizban islamiyan yu'akidun wasatiyya al-Islam (The representatives of 17 Islamic parties affirm the centrism of Islam),’’ Ikhwan Online, July 20, 2011, http://www.ikhwanonline.com/new/Article.aspx?SecID=230& ArtID=88080. 19. “2005-2006 World Values Survey, Egypt,” http://www.worldvaluessurvey.com/ 20. Marwa Awad, “Egypt Presidential poll must come first: ElBaradei,” Reuters, March 3, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/03/us-egypt-elbaradei-idUSTRE72258620110303 21. ‘‘Bayan min al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin bikhusus fa‘aliyat al-jum'a 29 yulyu 2011 (Statement of the Muslim Brotherhood Concerning the Events of July 29, 2011),’’ Ikhwan Online, July 23, 2011, http://www.ikhwanonline.com/new/Article.aspx?ArtID=88234&SecID=212. 22. Mahmud Ramzi, ‘‘al-Majlis al-watani wa al-wataniya liltaghyir yuhadidn bimuqadah qiyadat al-Ikhwan bisabab tasrihat Mursi (The National Council and the National [Association] for Change threaten to sue the Brotherhood's leaders because of Mursi's statements),’’ Al-Masry al-Yawm, July 6, 2011, http://www.almasry-alyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=302883. 23. Haitham al-Sharqawi, ‘‘Khatib al-Fath: Misr satathal Islamiya wa ‘ala al-‘ilmaniyin an yakhraju minha (The imam of al-Fath: Egypt will remain Islamic, and secularists can leave),’’ al-Masry al-Yawm, July 22, 2011, http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/479460. 24. Usama ‘abd al-Salam, ‘‘Mumathilu 17 hizban islamiyan yu'akidun wasatiyya al-Islam (The representatives of 17 Islamic parties affirm the centrism of Islam).’’ 25. Muhammad Mursi, speech to students from Zagazig University, Muslim Brotherhood office, Zagazig, al-Sharkia, Egypt, October 2005. 26. Steven Cook, Ruling but not governing: The military and political development in Egypt, Algeria, and Turkey (Washington, D.C.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). 27. Thanks to William Dobson for pointing me to this statement, which is also quoted in Hasan Zaidi and Qurat al ain Siddiqui, ‘‘What friends say about Pakistan in private,’’ Dawn.com, May 28, 2011, http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/28/what-friends-say-aboutpakistan-in-private.html. 28. See http://www.almasry-alyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=298245. 29. “Abu al-‘Ila Madi: ‘We won't participate in the Friday Million man march if they are under the Slogan, Constitution First,’” al-Yawm al-Sabi‘ (Cairo), July 4, 2011, http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=448229&SecID=65&IssueID=0 30. Ahmad Rahim, ‘‘Misr: Murshid al-Ikhwan yudafa‘ ‘an al-‘askar wa al-jama‘a lam tatakhidh mawqifan min jum‘a al-indhar al-akhir (Egypt: The Brotherhoods Guide defends the military and the Society has not taken a stance regarding the Friday of Last Warning),’’ al-Hayat (London), July 14, 2011, http://www.daralhayat.com/portalarticlendah/287835. 31. Nawara Fakhry and Nirmin ‘abd al-Thahir, ‘‘Mamduh Shahin: al-dustur al-jadid yajib an yahmi al-jaysh min hawa al-ra'is al-qadim (Mamduh Shahin: The new constitution must defend the army from the whims of the next president,’’ al-Yawm al-Sabi‘ (Cairo), May 26, 2011, http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID_421567&SecID_12 . 32. Majdi al-Jallad, ‘‘al-Bastawisi yuhadad wad‘ al-jaysh fi al-dustur wa 10 mabadi’ fawq dusturiya fi mudhakira li-al-quwwat al-misalahha (al-Bastawisi specifies the army's place in the constitution and 10 supraconstitutional principles in a memo to the armed forces),’’ al-Masry al-Yawm (Cairo), July 4, 2011, alyoum.com/article2.aspx?Article ID_3025832186. Additional informationNotes on contributorsTarek MasoudTarek Masoud is an assistant professor of public policy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and a Carnegie Scholar