Liberation Sociology and Advocacy for the Sokaogon Ojibwe

Abstract

As Native peoples have challenged the assault on their lands and cultures by mining and oil corporations, social scientists have become increasingly involved in research, consultation, and advocacy on behalf of Native peoples. Although there is considerable controversy about the appropriate role of social scientists in these conflicts, little academic commentary about the effects of nongovernmental environmental advocacy organizations on the outcomes of these conflicts exists. Nor is sufficient attention paid to the specific historical dynamics of Native struggles over resources in social movement theory. This Wisconsin case study addresses these issues with an examination of the author’s participation in an Indian, environmental, and sport fishing alliance that defeated the world’s largest resource corporation (Exxon) and the world’s largest mining company (BHP Billiton). The author’s involvement with the Sokaogon Ojibwe is used to reflect on the role of the sociologist as advocate and the political consequences of engaging in participatory action research.