Abstract
Alcohol has already been widely used as an alternative fuel to blend with petroleum-based fuels. Accurate knowledge of flash points and their reliable prediction methods is essential in hazard identification, fire hazard reduction, process inherently safer design, and the risk management of alcohol-based fuels. This work presents a model to predict the flash point for alcohol + petroleum-based fuel blends based on the Liaw model incorporated with the original UNIFAC model. The flash point prediction model was modified by two steps: 1. applying a single vapor-temperature relationship for the petroleum-based fuel; 2. obtaining the activity coefficients by UNIFAC model using an average fuel structure for the petroleum-based fuel. The proposed model was verified experimentally for five fuel blends of alcohol + kerosene (alcohol being n-butanol, n-hexanol, and n-octanol) and alcohol + diesel (alcohol being n-butanol and n-hexanol). The flash point prediction procedure for alcohol + petroleum-based fuel blends was reduced to that of a binary mixture. The deviations between the predicted values and experimental data were mostly within 2 °C for the five fuel blends.
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